제가 철학은 문외한인데 얼핏 듣기로 서구사고방식에서는 말이 우선이고 말과 눈으로 확인할 수 있는 것이 우선입니다. 말이 없으면 사물이 존재하지 않으리라란 구절은 한편으로는 성경에서 "태초에 말씀이 있었다." "빛이 있으라." 하였더니 빛과 어둠이 갈렸다는 구절에서 말로써 사물을 규정짓고 말로써 사물이 존재하는 것을 극명하게 드러냅니다. 이것은 모든 사물을 부정하려는 오만함이 아니라 언어란 것 자체가 인간이 사물 혹은 존재를 규명하고 개념 짓는 데 쓰는 도구입니다. 이를테면 박테리아란 단어가 박테리아의 존재를 확인하고 규명함에 따라 눈에 보이지도 않는 박테리아라는 존재를 지칭하는 개념으로 쓰이게 된 것에서 알 수 있지요. 언어가 없으면 사물이 존재하지 않는다는 것은 박테리아란 단어와 의미를 모르는 이상 사람의 머리속에 그런 개념이 존재할 수 없다는 것으로 생각하시면 됩니다.

인간소통중심주의적인 발언이군요

예전부터 생각하고 있었던..

인간의 두 눈으로 보고 있는 사물들은 빛의 파장이
사물에 부딛히면서 변형되어진 파장들을 망막을 거쳐 시신경에 의한 신호를 뇌 신경세포 측에서 분석하는 것에 불과하다지요..[뻘뻘;;]

이른바 인간다운 삶이란 평준의 인간을 말하는듯 보이지만
그야말로 인간이 생각하는 최소 기본의 이상점을 의미한다는 것을 알 수 있다지요..

즉 인간다운 삶을 진정으로 누리는 사람은 지구상에서 극히 소수에 불과한 지향적 표준점에 불과하다는..

다른 말로 옮긴다면,

'드라이버가 부족한곳에 장치는 존재하지 않는다'

윈도우에게는 드라이버가 없는 장치는 존재하지 않는 장치입니다. 하지만 물리적으로는 장치가 존재합니다.
제대로 된 비유일려나 모르겠네요.

아.. 굉장히 쉬운 설명이네요. 엑셀님~! ^^

'윈도우' 에 대한 지식이 부족한지라ㅜ.ㅠ;;
(6 년 간 컴으 쓰면서도 드라이버 계념을 이해 못하는 껨 전문 뿐인 컴맹ㅜ.ㅠ;;

사고를 언어로 하니.. 당연한거 아닌가..-_-a

사고를 언어로 한다고 본다면 언어를 배우기 이전의 농아는 사고를 할 수 없다는 뜻이 되어버립니다.
사고가 언어의 지배를 받는 것은 사실이지만 사고를 언어로 하는 것은 아닙니다.

저..언어라는 말을 표현이라는 말과 동일한 뜻이라고 생각됩니다..
그리고 인간중심적사고이면..언어 대신 인간 이라는 말을 했을거..같습니다

크리스님..단순히 소통수단으로써의 말이란것과 언어적 사고에서의 언어는 분명 다릅니다..
참고 하시길..


태어났을 때부터 눈이 멀게 된 사람들이 점자(Braille)를 읽을 시에 사용되는 뇌 영역과 후천적으로 시력을 잃은 사람들이 점자책을 읽는 동안에 사용되는 뇌 부분이 서로 다르다. 그러한 차이점으로 인하여, 사고(thought)과 언어(language) 사이의 관계가 새롭게 밝혀질 수도 있다.

New Light Shed On The Relationship Between Thought And Language

NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- Individuals who have been blind from birth use different parts of their brain when they read Braille than do those who lost their sight later in life -- a difference that sheds new light on the relationship between thought and language.

That is the conclusion of a study performed by Vanderbilt researchers and reported in the November issue of the scientific journal Human Brain Mapping. The research is one of the latest efforts to understand the structure of the human brain and how it responds to injury.

Twenty years ago most neuroscientists thought that the adult human brain had a very limited ability to reorganize itself following major injuries to the brain itself or to the peripheral nervous system that provides it with sensory information. In recent years, however, researchers have discovered that mature brains, as well as developing brains, display more flexibility than they had thought.

One way to study the phenomena associated with the brain's plasticity -- its ability to adapt to changes -- is to examine differences in brain organization in people who have lost their sight at an early age. In sighted individuals, nearly one-third of the brain is devoted to processing visual information. Cutting off all sensory input to such a large region of the cortex creates a situation where recruitment of some of the unused areas by the other senses seems likely. So scientists have looked for, and found, evidence that some of the areas of the idle visual cortex can be recruited to process other types of sensory information.

In 1996 a Japanese scientist, N. Sadato, working at the National Institutes of Health, reported that positron emission tomography (PET) scans averaged from the brains of several blind subjects displayed activity in parts of the visual cortex while reading Braille. It was unclear, however, to what extend this activity might represent activation of visual memories that individuals had acquired before they were blind and how much represented an actual repurposing of visual areas of the brain to handle touch information.

To help answer this question, Psychology Professor Ford F. Ebner and Research Assistant Professor of Psychology Peter Melzer -- with technical assistance from members of Vanderbilt's radiology department -- turned to functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), a technique can detect active areas of brain activity by measuring activity-induced changes in blood flow.

In order to distinguish between activation of visual memories and processing of touch information, the investigators recruited a group of five men and five women, half of whom had been blind since birth and half of whom lost their sight early in life. The researchers reasoned that those who had been blind since birth would not have had an opportunity to store up visual memories, so all the brain activity that they exhibited in areas associated with the visual system would be areas that had been recruited to process sensory touch information.

The subjects were asked to read a series of single words in Braille. Ten percent of the words were nouns that referred to abstract concepts while 90 percent were nouns that referred to objects associated with visual images.

FMRI takes snapshots of brain activity much more quickly than PET scans, which must average brain activity over several minutes and pool the data from several individuals. By asking their subjects to alternate reading and resting, the researchers were not only able to measure which areas become active but also when the activation occurred relative to the initial stimuli. This allowed them to differentiate between areas involved in the response to the touch information and those that were not activated by act of reading but by some type of higher-level processing.

Surprisingly, the researchers did not find major differences in the magnitude and expanse of activation in the visual cortex between the two groups. But they did find striking differences in the activation behavior, the relationship between the timing of the activation of specific visual areas and the task. In the blind-from-birth group, activation of a region in the posterior temporal lobe that is involved in phonological word processing -- keeping track of the sound patterns and rules of pronunciation in speech -- was more strongly correlated with reading than it was in the group with some visual experience. Conversely, an adjacent region associated with semantic word processing -- determining the meaning of similarly sounding words like flour and flower -- had the stronger correlation with the task in the group with some visual experience than it did in the group that was blind from birth.

The researchers hypothesize that even a short period of early visual experience may make it harder to recruit certain areas in the visual cortex than is the case for those who are blind for birth. They propose that this may be one reason why those who are blind from birth tend to be much better Braille readers than those who loose their sight later in life.

The study also provides new support for the proposition that a kind of mental imagery exists which is independent of the five senses. The subjects who were blind from birth reported having non-visual associations with some of the words. The areas of the brain that are involved in high-level processing of the words in the study strongly suggest that this non-visual imagery is closely related to language. So there is a good chance that further studies may shed new light on an outstanding issue in philosophy and psychology: the relationship between language and thought.

Also contributing to the study were Assistant Professor Victoria L. Morgan, Associate Professor David R. Pickens and Professor Ronald R. Price from the department of radiology and radiological services, and Robert S. Wall, assistant professor of hearing and speech at Vanderbilt's Bill Wilkerson Center.

Funding was provided by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, the John F. Kennedy Center for Research in Human Development at Vanderbilt University, the Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, the Hobbs Foundation and Dr. and Mrs. Irwin Eskind.

For more news about Vanderbilt, visit the News Service homepage at http://www.vanderbilt.edu/news

그리고 아직까지도 언어우위론과 사고우위론 어느 한쪽이 일방적인 상황은 아닙니다..
그리고 위에 예를 드신.. 선천적 농아에 대한것은..
target=_blank>http://phlaw.netian.com/production/aaa/a13.htm


여기에 제생각과 비슷한 글이 있군요.. 언어나 사고 어느한쪽만 빼놓고는 생각할 수 없습니다..
사고를 언어로 하니 당연한 것 아닌가.. 라는 글에서..

언어를 단순히 가나다라고만 생각하시는건..? 아니실테죠..?

target=_blank>http://maincc.hufs.ac.kr/~kimwy/anmun/lezione01-9.htm

여기 말과 언어.. 그리고 사고에 대한 글이 있습니다..